Care e diferenta dintre "speak" si "talk"?

Extrasele de mai jos din OALD8 ar trebui să te ajute să înțelegi diferența de nuanță dintre cele 2 sinonime parțiale:

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8th edition

speak
BrE / spik /
NAmE / spik /
verb

 verb forms
 word origin
 thesaurus
 word family
 language bank
 synonyms
 synonyms
 example bank
( spoke / BrE spəʊk ; NAmE spoʊk / spoken / BrE spəʊkən ; NAmE spoʊkən / )
have conversation
1 [ intransitive ] to talk to sb about sth; to have a conversation with sb
~ (to sb) (about sth/sb) I've spoken to the manager about it.
The President refused to speak to the waiting journalists.
‘Can I speak to Susan?’ ‘Speaking.’ (= at the beginning of a telephone conversation)
‘Do you know him?’ ‘Not to speak to.’ (= only by sight)
I saw her in the street but we didn't speak.
( especially NAmE ) ~ (with sb) (about sth/sb) Can I speak with you for a minute?
use voice
2 [ intransitive ] to use your voice to say sth
He can't speak because of a throat infection.
Please speak more slowly.
Without speaking, she stood up and went out.
He speaks with a strange accent.
She has a beautiful speaking voice.
mention/describe
3 [ intransitive ] ~ of/about sth/sb to mention or describe sth/sb
She still speaks about him with great affection.
Witnesses spoke of a great ball of flame.
Speaking of travelling, (= referring back to a subject just mentioned) are you going anywhere exciting this year?
The brochure speaks of beautiful secluded grounds.
a language
4 [ transitive ] ( not used in the progressive tenses ) ~ sth to be able to use a particular language
to speak several languages
to speak a little Urdu
Do you speak English?
5 [ transitive ,  intransitive ] to use a particular language to express yourself
~ sth What language is it they're speaking?
~ in sth Would you prefer it if we spoke in German?
-speaking
6 ( in adjectives ) speaking the language mentioned
French-speaking Canada
non-English-speaking students
make speech
7 [ intransitive ] (+ adv./prep.) to make a speech to an audience
to speak in public
to speak on the radio
to speak at a conference
Professor Wilson was invited to speak about the results of his research.
She spoke in favour of the new tax.
He has a number of speaking engagements this week.
say/state
8 [ transitive ] ~ sth to say or state sth
She was clearly speaking the truth .
He spoke the final words of the play.

be on speaking terms (with sb) | be speaking (to sb)
to be willing to be polite or friendly towards sb, especially after an argument
She's not been on speaking terms with her uncle for years.
Are they speaking to each other again yet?
generally, broadly, roughly, relatively, etc. speaking
used to show that what you are saying is true in a general, etc. way
Generally speaking, the more you pay, the more you get.
There are, broadly speaking, two ways of doing this.
Personally speaking, I've always preferred Italian food.
no …/nothing to speak of
such a small amount that it is not worth mentioning
They've got no friends to speak of.
She's saved a little money but nothing to speak of.
so to speak
used to emphasize that you are expressing sth in an unusual or amusing way
They were all very similar. All cut from the same cloth, so to speak.
speak for itself/themselves
to be so easy to see and understand that you do not need to say anything else about it/them
Her success speaks for itself.
Recent events speak for themselves.
speak for myself/herself/himself, etc.
to express what you think or want yourself, rather than sb else doing it for you
I'm quite capable of speaking for myself, thank you!
speak for yourself ( informal ) used to tell sb that a general statement they have just made is not true of you
‘We didn't play very well.’ ‘Speak for yourself!’ (= I think that I played well.)
speaking as sth
used to say that you are the type of person mentioned and are expressing your opinion from that point of view
Speaking as a parent, I'm very concerned about standards in education.
speak your mind
to say exactly what you think, in a very direct way
She's never hesitated about speaking her mind.
speak out of turn
to say sth when you should not, for example because it is not the right time or you are not the right person to say it
speak volumes (about/for sth/sb)
to tell you a lot about sth/sb, without the need for words
His achievement speaks volumes for his determination.
What you wear speaks volumes about you.
speak well/ill of sb ( formal ) to say good or bad things about sb
She never speaks ill of anyone.
more at actions speak louder than words at action   n. , speak/talk of the devil at devil , the facts speak for themselves at fact , speak/think ill of sb at ill   n. , speak/talk the same language at language , in a manner of speaking at manner , strictly speaking at strictly , speak/talk out of turn at turn   n.

speak for sb to state the views or wishes of a person or a group; to act as a representative for sb
Our party speaks for the poor and unemployed.
I can't speak for the others, but I'd love to come myself.
speak of sth ( formal ) to be evidence that sth exists or is present
Everything here speaks of perfect good taste.
speak out (against sth) to state your opinions publicly, especially in opposition to sth and in a way that takes courage
He was the only one to speak out against the decision.
I will continue to speak out on matters of public concern.
see also outspoken
speak to sb (about sth) ( informal ) to talk to sb in a serious way about sth wrong they have done, to try to stop them doing it again
This is the third time I've had to speak to him about being late.
speak up usually used in orders to tell sb to speak more loudly
Please speak up—we can't hear you at the back.
speak up (for sb/sth) to say what you think clearly and freely, especially in order to support or defend sb/sth



© Oxford University Press, 2010

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8th edition

talk verb, noun
BrE / tɔk /
NAmE / tɔk /

verb

 verb forms
 word origin
 synonyms
 example bank  
speak to sb
1 [ intransitive ,  transitive ] to say things; to speak in order to give information or to express feelings, ideas, etc
Stop talking and listen!
We talked on the phone for over an hour.
~ (to/with sb) (about sb/sth) Who were you talking to just now?
We looked around the school and talked with the principal.
Ann and Joe aren't talking to each other right now (= they refuse to speak to each other because they have argued) .
When they get together, all they talk about is football.
What are you talking about? (= used when you are surprised, annoyed and/or worried by sth that sb has just said)
I don't know what you're talking about (= used to say that you did not do sth that sb has accused you of) .
~ of sth Mary is talking of looking for another job.
~ yourself + adj. We talked ourselves hoarse , catching up on all the news.  
discuss
2 [ intransitive ,  transitive ] to discuss sth, usually sth serious or important
This situation can't go on. We need to talk.
The two sides in the dispute say they are ready to talk.
~ (to/with sb) (about sth) Talk to your doctor if you're still worried.
~ sth to talk business  
say words
3 [ intransitive ,  transitive ] to say words in a language
The baby is just starting to talk.
~ in sth We couldn't understand them because they were talking in Chinese.
~ sth Are they talking Swedish or Danish?  
sense/nonsense
4 [ transitive ] ~ sth to say things that are/are not sensible
She talks a lot of sense.
( BrE ) You're talking rubbish!
See if you can talk some sense into him (= persuade him to be sensible) .  
for emphasis
5 [ transitive ] be talking sth ( informal ) used to emphasize an amount of money, how serious sth is, etc.
We're talking £500 for three hours' work.
Do you know what this will cost? We're talking megabucks here.  
about private life
6 [ intransitive ] to talk about a person's private life
gossip
Don't phone me at work— people will talk .  
give information
7 [ intransitive ] to give information to sb, especially unwillingly
The police questioned him but he refused to talk.

look who's talking | you can/can't talk | you're a fine one to talk ( informal ) used to tell sb that they should not criticize sb else for sth because they do the same things too
‘George is so careless with money.’ ‘Look who's talking!’
now you're talking ( informal ) used when you like what sb has suggested very much
talk about… ( informal ) used to emphasize sth
Talk about mean! She didn't even buy me a card.
talk dirty ( informal ) to talk to sb about sex in order to make them sexually excited
talk a good game ( NAmE ) to talk in a way that sounds convincing, but may not be sincere
talk the hind leg off a donkey ( informal ) to talk too much, especially about boring or unimportant things
talking of sb/sth ( informal , especially BrE ) used when you are going to say more about a subject that has already been mentioned
Talking of Sue, I met her new boyfriend last week.
talk shop ( usually disapproving ) to talk about your work with the people you work with, especially when you are also with other people who are not connected with or interested in it
Whenever we meet up with Clive and Sue they always end up talking shop.
talk the talk ( informal , sometimes disapproving ) to be able to talk in a confident way that makes people think you are good at what you do
You can talk the talk, but can you walk the walk? (= can you act in a way that matches your words?)
talk through your hat ( old-fashioned , informal ) to say silly things while you are talking about a subject you do not understand
talk tough (on sth) ( informal , especially NAmE ) to tell people very strongly what you want
talk turkey ( informal , especially NAmE ) to talk about sth seriously
talk your way out of sth/of doing sth
to make excuses and give reasons for not doing sth; to manage to get yourself out of a difficult situation
I managed to talk my way out of having to give a speech.
you can/can't talk ( informal ) = look who's talking
you're a fine one to talk ( informal ) = look who's talking
more at speak/talk of the devil at devil , know what you're talking about at know   v. , speak/talk the same language at language , money talks at money , knock/talk some sense into sb at sense   n. , speak/talk out of turn at turn   n.

talk around/round sth to talk about sth in a general way without dealing with the most important parts of it
We spent a whole hour talking around the problem before looking at ways of solving it.
talk at sb to speak to sb without listening to what they say in reply
You can't have a real conversation with him—he just talks at you all the time.
talk back (to sb) to answer sb rudely, especially sb in authority
related noun back talk
talk sb/sth down to help a pilot of a plane to land by giving instructions from the ground
talk sth down to make sth seem less important or successful than it really is
You shouldn't talk down your own achievements.
talk down to sb to speak to sb as if they were less important or intelligent than you
talk sb into/out of sth to persuade sb to do/not to do sth
I didn't want to move abroad but Bill talked me into it.
~ doing sth She tried to talk him out of leaving.
talk sth out to discuss sth thoroughly in order to make a decision, solve a problem, etc
We need to talk out the issue with the others before making a decision.
talk sth over (with sb) to discuss sth thoroughly, especially in order to reach an agreement or make a decision
You'll find it helpful to talk things over with a friend.
They talked over the proposal and decided to give it their approval.
talk sb round (to sth) ( BrE ) to persuade sb to accept sth or agree to sth
We finally managed to talk them round to our way of thinking.
talk sb through sth to explain to sb how sth works so that they can do it or understand it
Can you talk me through the various investment options?
talk sth through to discuss sth thoroughly until you are sure you understand it
It sounds like a good idea but we'll need to talk it through.
talk sb/sth up to describe sb/sth in a way that makes them sound better than they really are
They talked up the tourist attractions to encourage more visitors.

noun

 word origin
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 example bank  
conversation
1 [ countable ] ~ (with sb) (about sth) a conversation or discussion
I had a long talk with my boss about my career prospects.
We need to have a serious talk about money matters.
I had to have a heart-to-heart talk with her.
She looked worried so we had a talk.  
formal discussions
2 talks [ plural ] formal discussions between governments or organizations
arms/pay/peace, etc. talks
to hold talks
~ (between A and B) (on/over sth) Talks between management and workers broke down over the issue of holiday pay.
High-level talks on arms limitation will reopen next month.
A further round of talks will be needed if the dispute is to be resolved.
Union representatives walked out of emergency talks aimed at reaching a pay settlement.  
speech
3 [ countable ] ~ (on sth) a speech or lecture on a particular subject
She gave a talk on her visit to China.  
words without actions
4 [ uncountable ] ( informal ) words that are spoken, but without the necessary facts or actions to support them
It's just talk. He'd never carry out his threats.
Don't pay any attention to her—she's all talk .  
stories/rumours
5 [ uncountable ] ~ (of sth/of doing sth) | ~ (that…) stories that suggest a particular thing might happen in the future
There was talk in Washington of sending in troops.
She dismissed the stories of her resignation as newspaper talk.
There's talk that he's a difficult actor to work with.  
topic/way of speaking
6 [ uncountable ] ( often in compounds ) a topic of conversation or a way of speaking
business talk
She said it was just girl talk that a man wouldn't understand.
The book teaches you how to understand Spanish street talk (= slang) .
It was tough talk, coming from a man who had begun the year in a hospital bed.
see also small talk , sweet talk , trash talk

the talk of sth
the person or thing that everyone is talking about in a particular place
Overnight, she became the talk of the town (= very famous) .
more at fighting talk at fight   v.



© Oxford University Press, 2010

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